Solutions to the Clean Water Shortage Essay - 592 Words

Solutions to the Clean Water Shortage Solution 1 The creation and development of desalination plants is a widely implemented solution to the clean water shortage. However, there are many reasons why it would be a good idea and some about why it would not. Pros Desalination would give us the clean water that many nations need. Many regions, particularly the Arabian peninsula, Australia, northern Africa, and South and Central Asia. It will also provide us with an extremely large source of water. Cons Desalination plants are expensive and is generally only affordable in middle or high income nations. The poorer countries do not have the funds to build and run desalination plants. The clean water shortage, however is shown more clearly in†¦show more content†¦Greenhouse gases will add to the already worrying problem of Earth’s increased temperature and the greenhouse effect. Also, in the long run, if desalination occurs at a high rate for the next few centuries, eventually the ocean would run dry. It will take a very long time, but it will. The ocean contains a vast amount of water, however it is not unlimited it and it will take centuries for the ocean to replenish and on top of that, it will upset the delicate balance within the biosphere. Solution 2 Recycling is also a solution that has been implemented in some areas and is under discussion in many others. Recycling wastewater is the use of recycled and treated wastewater for agricultural, industrial and economical uses. Pros There are many pros to recycling water, and one of the best is that it saves drinking water. Also, greywater-which is slightly used household water other than toilet water- has been proved to be beneficial to plants, more so than drinking water. Grey Water usually contains nitrogen or phosphorus, which are plant nutrients. The use of wastewater would further preserve the limited amount of clean drinking water. Also, reusing greywater keeps it out of the sewage system, which decreases the possibility that the greywater will end up in streams, lakes and ponds. In turn, it reduces the pollution in those areas which is good for the environment. Recycling wastewaterShow MoreRelatedEngineering Challenges: Provide Access to Clean Water1506 Words   |  7 PagesGrand Challenges for Engineering: Provide Access to Clean Water Introduction By Osama Al zoubi From the beginning of life, human beings have always faced challenges and difficulties in their lives. However, what is unique about humans is their ability to adapt and find solutions to these challenges. Engineering has always been the key and the most influential element to the survival of humanity in the face of the unending challenges. A committee of scientists and engineers from around theRead MoreWater Crisis : A Clean Water Source1657 Words   |  7 PagesPhillips Ms. Willena Moye English 1101 20 April 2017 Water Crisis in Kenya In the United States, there is one trillion gallons of water wasted (Mooney). Water is being wasted every day in the US by: leaky faucets, malfunctioning toilets and faulty sprinkler systems. While water is being wasted in the US, many underdeveloped countries such as Kenya struggle to have clean water. Many of the Kenyan residents struggle every day to find a clean water source. In the continent of Africa there lies KenyaRead MoreHuman Over Use of Water1237 Words   |  5 PagesDay after day, increasing amounts of water consumption among all citizens for drinking, washing and bathing, swimming and other necessary daily uses. God has encouraged us to keep this blessing and not wasting it. The water consumption is vital topic which concerns the international public opinion. 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Because of the shortage of water people use water from unsafe sourcesRead MoreFossil Fuels And Its Impacts On Society1506 Words   |  7 Pagesidea that any developments should meet the requirements of the current society without affecting the capability of future generations to meet their requirements. As water supply systems continue to dwindle, new sustainability technologies have emerged that will allow society to overcome the challenges of scarce clean and fresh water. There are several ways in which to define sustainability. In essence, sustainability refers to our ability to sustain our current needs without negatively impactingRead MoreWater Shortage in Central California672 Words   |  3 Pages Central Valley Water Shortage 1. Fresno is a city located in central California, also known as San Joaquin Valley Famously knows for its grape field and green trees. Known for where the immigrants came to work, by picking grapes making little to know money. Every year I go back to visit my home town about twice a year, each time we get near the grape vine which is located between Fresno and Las Angeles. The first thing that is noticed byRead MoreWater Supply Between Industrialized And Developing Nations1174 Words   |  5 Pagesnatural water sources available on Earth are composed of fresh water† as written by Paul Alois, a researcher and writer for The World Bank. Alois continues, â€Å"less than 1 percent is easily accessible for human use† due to most of the natural water sources being unaccessible. As the global population grows, the environment keeps changing, and over usage of water sources continues, freshwater sources are only going to deplete even further. Consequently, â€Å"2 billio n people lack access to clean water† andRead MoreA Short Note On The Global Water Crisis1220 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Water Crisis With everyday lives, people take showers, cook, clean, and drink with water. People may not think about it much, but water is very vital to life. Roughly about 97% of the earth is covered with saltwater. Yet, only 2.5% of the earth’s surface is covered with fresh water. The global water crisis is a major problem in the world, and most people are not doing much to conserve the water that is available. The world is in a high demand of water, yet there is not much water available

Depression in International Students Essay - 1187 Words

Depression is one of the many problems that International Students face. Its a problem that affects their day to activities and if left unattended can cause a lot of harm. It is called the common cold of mental illness (Mental Health Info Links, 2001). Depression was compared with 100 other diseases and it was ranked fourth in the global burden by the World Health Organisation (WHO). There is a fear that it might rise to second it diagnosis, treatment or prevention is not improved. Depression causes suffering and anguish for individuals, families, friends and communities. Families and employers expand both personal and economic resources to deal with the person’s depression and depressive symptoms. A major concern it that early†¦show more content†¦This results in few friends and international students tending to isolate themselves or keeping to a group of the same language. Depression comes into effect for those that cannot find peers of the same language. Therefore being forced to have very or no friend which leads to loneliness and depression. The barrier between international students and English speaking students create obstacles that impede the building of interpersonal relationships with fellow students. International students not fluent with the English language experience difficulties that students who are fluent do not. They difficulties include needing extra time to read assigned reading, difficulties understanding class lectures and discussions, and difficulties communicating concerns and view points (Tam. K, Donghyuck. L, Huang. L, 2007) International students tend to disconnect from their previous social life and find new connections to develop new social Support networks in their new host country (Tam. K, Donghyuck. L, Huang. L, 2007). Pedersen (1991), point out that a loss of social support as an impact on the psychological well-being of an international student. The unpleasant experience of forming new support networks in host country leads to feeling of disappointment and discontent. Overtime, these feeling lead to social isolation (Mallinckrodt and Leong 1992). Academic difficulties is a cause ofShow MoreRelatedA Journal Of Counseling Psychology1252 Words   |  6 Pages the number of Chinese students who study abroad has increased. They want more opportunities to improve their academic ability and self-care ability, so that they widen their knowledge and enrich their experiences. Proudly, there are indeed many exciting and enjoyable aspects for them to being international students. But the same challenges and changes that make student days potentially so life enhancing can also present opportunities for depression to intrude. 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Millions of students have to face the overwhelming challenge of living thousands miles away home and adapting to their new environment without disregarding their studies. Sojourners have to face adapting to a new culture, so they will deal with the â€Å"Culture Shock†. This phenomenonRead MoreShould There Be a Limit on the Amount of Homework Teachers Give to Students’?1747 Words   |  7 Pages The quality of students’ homework is much more important than the quantity of students homework and data collected during recent studies has proven that homework is not making the grade. â€Å". . . American students are entangled in the middle of international academic rankings: 17th in reading, 23rd in science, and 31st in math according to the most recent results from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)† (Murphy-Paul). 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We can prevent cyberbullying by identifying cyber bullying problems in the schools and discuss the problem with the teachers, students and their parents, and educating our teens about cyberbullying Many teenagers have been victim of cyberbullyingRead MoreBad Study Habits Of College Students Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Most students enter college with positive expectations and with intentions to graduate; however, many of them face obstacles and challenges during their adjustment period and leave college before completing their degrees.† (Boyraz, Granda, Baker, Tidwell, Waits, 2016) According Pardon Our Interruption (2011) statistics show that 30% of college students drop out after their Freshmen year. This is due to reasons such as not being able to successfully cope with the transition, lack of financialRead MoreSleep And Academic Performance For Undergraduates : A Multi Measure, Multi Predictor Approach1244 Words   |  5 Pagesmental health, stress, anxiety, happiness, anger, hopelessness, etc B. Study 3: i. Rumination and anxiety mediate the effect of loneliness on depressed mood and sleep quality in college students C. Summarize Study 3: i. Observed relationships between loneliness and depressed mood and poor sleep quality in college students. First study to see if rumination and trait anxiety are psychological mechanisms. D. Results of Study 3: i. 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However, international students faced many challenges when they arriveRead MoreIntroduction Published in May 2011 the paper entitled â€Å"The relation of depression and anxiety in1300 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Published in May 2011 the paper entitled â€Å"The relation of depression and anxiety in academic achievement among group of university students† is a cross-sectional study that attempts to establish the connection between academic achievement, and depression. In this paper, it is my intention to critique the aforementioned paper and provide an overview on the following areas, methods and samples, subjects and outcome measures, results, critical evaluation and the contribution to medical

Multicuturalism in Singapore Sociologically

Question: Discuss about the Multicuturalism in Singapore for Sociologically. Answer: Introduction Sociologically, scientists view society, culture, race, ethnicity and the individual as an integrated concept that influences the society in terms of behavior, provisions among other aspects (Chew, 2013). Collectively, the three social aspects, culture, race and ethnicity form the basis of one's identity and are unavoidable aspects of individuals, element or a society's identification at large. Singapore as a country with trends of behaviors have issues with social factors that directly affect the stipulated level of a country's relation development. Being affected by the state of rationalization to clear the most determining face of conflicts between the different races and ethnic groups, the country adopted multiculturalism model that has been of great impact in restoring peace and development objectives. A strategized management team to the model has been the main key to help observe the essence of equality among all ethnic groups and races acting as a positive nation building tea m (Lian, 2016). Adopting the act of meritocracy besides democracy and peace has also been a weapon of the country to maintain peace and unity in all angles of both relations and development. Race, Ethnicity, Culture and National Identity in Singapores Context. The race is the identification of a person or people with identified groups based on social relations, physical traits, genetic generation or ancestry ties. Classification of races varies with time as it includes taxonomies that define crucial types of individuals based on professed traits. Scientifically, its inappropriate for individuals to be defined on basis of physical looks as they can be altered depending on the environment and change of preference. Example, in this current generation there are so many artificial changes of looks and shapes making physical traits not to be a varied factor used to classify people into races and other groups. In Singapore, the ideology of race has been a great deal in that it has resulted in increased violence, loss of lives and destruction of properties especially in the past years pulling the country backward in terms of development (Barr Skrbis?, 2008). This has resulted to even the country creating a racial memorial day for those who died d uring the riots. Though the country has greatly improved the means of peace maintenance through the multiculturalism model it still faces few challenges on racial discrimination but not as common as before. An ethnicity is a group of people who identify themselves with similarities like beliefs, norms, and values, ancestral and other social or national experiences. Its commonly inherited and can be passed from one generation to another but viewed as a society benefit for personal identification. The Singaporeans are a context of mixed ethnic groups who interact at different but specific levels. Ethnicity has been anchored as the basis of racial discrimination in Singapore and in the formulation of policies affecting the countrys social institutions. Political field or rather politics has negatively influenced the issue of ethnicity and racial discrimination as people tend to support only people from their social relations (Pieris, 2009). The countrys body of leadership lead by the government has enhanced means to research on the reasons why the country faces real challenges of fighting racial discrimination. Example, the formation of Peoples Action Party (PAP) that was formed with an ai m of engaging with stakeholders to gather original information regarding Singaporeans and issues facing them relating to racism and racial discrimination and other intolerable issues of human rights. To solve this problem the country adopted multiculturalism making it a better territory for the citizens. Culture is a way of life of a given group of people, an individual, business units or even a country and is formed on basis of their beliefs, norms, and values. Singapores culture is a mixture of Asian and European cultures and is taken to be socially initiated but with complex ideas influenced by a collective responsibility. Its not a subject to discussion on whether to follow it since its a national requirement and is followed strictly as expected through carrying out cultural shows that strength its capacity as a national slogan. Among the cultural shows in Singapore are a series of musical dances performed and that contain at least an aspect of Chinese, Malay and an Indian item as a way of incorporating all the mixed European cultures. This act of cultural maintenance has been one of the greatest ways of enhancing peace and unity within and even outside the country (rnbull, 2009). By incorporating their social harmony, democracy, meritocracy and equality, the country has register ed a positive cultural adoption behavior thus playing a role in enhancing their level of development as a European country and in the world as it is ranked among the best countries with political freedom compared to ancient times. National identity is defined as national cognizance in the sense of people owning a collective image of the nation, to feel a sense of belonging in ones territory. This gives a citizen the power to respond to nations requirements as he/she is identified with the benefits as a patriotic citizen. It's normal n all independent countries for citizens to act accordingly though not all but a larger percent a factor enhanced by national identity. Singapores view of alternation between the nation-state and global city has been imposed by many conflicting demands making the dream of national identity an impossible or rather a sluggish goal to be achieved (Corfield, Mulliner, 2011). A scientist by the name Terence Chong argues that those looking for a national identity in Singapore would have to first explore and understand the policies behind the state produced national invented ideas and values. The idea was aimed at complementing the governments plan on globalizing the countrys budget with a need to enhance its development but has not been an easy task to achieve. Management of Multiculturalism in Singapore and Adopting Meritocracy Multiculturalism is the act of all societal groups either from different races, cultural groups or ethnic background respect each other on the basis of equality to be identified as one national cultural group. This is a model that has been enhanced and adopted in Singapore to help restore ethnical and inter-racial differences that result to conflicts relating to discrimination (Gomes Wee Kim Wee Centre, 2015). Its a model that is curbed by many challenges but with a strong government body acting as overseers, solutions to solve arising problems have been provided to help maintain and observe its set aims and goals. This has been greatly influenced by the social institutions of the country like in the political world, schools, business enterprises where everyone is treated equally as well as in health and in the employment sector. In Singapore, any discussion at any time and place must begin with Geoffrey Benjamins contribution that multiculturalism is at the level of public discours e to either encourage or ruin it (Zajda, 2015). The model is believed to expound on peace support and independence of the country of Singapore under the context of x colonialism to enhance the national identity of every citizen and equality at all level (Turnbull, 2009). The practice of this model has a diverted connection influenced between cultural challenges and economic equality, the idea of cultural limitation being related to colonial times and inappropriate education, personal and economic development identified with laziness and inability to be productive. Critically, this is not the case since all welfare developments are at the very first stage enhanced by peace (Kim,2014).The practice of this model of peace is underpinned by the idea of PAP of meritocracy as a government sponsored and sponsored objective. Unlike in other countries, Singapore has been in terms with internal conflicts on deciding what form of multiculturalism is to follow since its a determiner of nation bu ilding but not the main as its stipulated. Democracy, peace as aspects of meritocracy have enhanced communitarian model of multiculturalism to critically be a symbol of government support as the main management of the model opposing the idea of national conformity to one's beliefs and support. Conclusion Race, ethnicity, and culture as determinants of a societys strength, should be well valued and carefully outlined to help understand the concept of racial discrimination and ethnicity and factors that instigate them. This will be important to help enhance a peaceful coexistence and developments among people. Multiculturalism model effects on an irrational society that is guided by peace and originality of national integrity and should be therefore supported and improved as its required, with well support and action team to reach all stakeholders. References Barr, M. D., Skrbis?, Z. (2008). Constructing Singapore: Elitism, ethnicity and the nation-building project. Copenhagen: NIAS. Chew, P. G. L. (2013). Sociolinguistic history of early identities in Singapore: From colonialism to nationalism. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Corfield, J. J., Mulliner, K. (2011). Historical dictionary of Singapore. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press. Gomes, C. J., Wee Kim Wee Centre. (2015). Multiculturalism through the lens: A guide to ethnic and migrant anxieties in Singapore. In Zajda, J. I. (2015). Nation-building and history education in a global culture. In Lian, K. F. (2016). Multiculturalism, migration, and the politics of identity in Singapore. Kim, N.-K. (2014). Multicultural challenges and redefining identity in East Asia. Farnham: Ashgate. Pieris, A. (2009). Hidden hands and divided landscapes: A penal history of Singapore's plural society. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press rnbull, C. M. (2009). A History of Modern Singapore, 1819-2005: Revised edition. Singapore: Singapore University Press. Turnbull, C. M. (2009). A History of Modern Singapore, 1819-2005: Revised edition. Singapore: Singapore University Press

The Development of Package Tours and Long Haul Destinations Essay Example

The Development of Package Tours and Long Haul Destinations Essay Package holidays have developed over time, these package holidays have grown with the increasing need of tourists. Package holidays include accommodation, transport and catering. After World War II in 1949, there was an appearance of the first jet airline. Entrepreneurs realised that there was a need for planes to transport passengers; this saw old military planes being transformed into charter flights. One of the first entrepreneurs was Vladimir Raitz, who in 1949 set up his own travel company called Horizon Holidays. He used a DC3 to carry thirty-two passengers to Corsica; this was the first package holiday, however, airfares were expensive, which meant that people continued to travel by steamship. Horizon Holidays in the meantime continued to grow by offering charter flights to Palma, Malaga and Tangiers. It was only in 1952 that airlines introduced the first tourist fares and in 1958 the first economy fares were offered. We will write a custom essay sample on The Development of Package Tours and Long Haul Destinations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Development of Package Tours and Long Haul Destinations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Development of Package Tours and Long Haul Destinations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer During the 1960s there was a growth in the amount of people who were travelling. People were able to afford holidays and employers offered paid holiday leave. It was during this time that more people became involved in the travel and tourism industry, and it became harder for tour operators to make a profit. As tourists began to book holidays, both the hoteliers and the airlines began to demand money in advance. On the other hand, to attract more customers, more money was spent on brochures and publicity. This forced tour operators to turn to banks for loans to cover the time between holidays being planned and sold. Bigger tour operators were able to convince hoteliers to build ski scrappers to accommodate more people, it was at this time that tour operators realised that aircrafts had to be improved and safety records had to be increased in order to attract more customers and overcome their fear of flying. During the 1970s more and more people were comfortable with flying, which saw the Transport Licensing Board receive more applications for route licences to transport their customers. It was in 1974 that there was a recession, which saw the price of oil double; the result of this was in the short term some countries saw a decrease in their visitor arrival figures but in the long run there was a rise in the number of inclusive tours sold. This was a shift, away from hotels to cheaper self-catering accommodation. In the 1980s there was a rise in exchange controls, which allowed tourists to travel for as long as they wanted without running out of money. Employers continued to give their employees paid holiday leave, which led to the expansion of winter sun and winter ski markets. There was also a growth in the city breaks market and long paid holidays and cheap airfares led to an increase in long haul package holidays. In the 1990s tourists had become more aware of package holidays and what was included, therefore they were expecting more e.g. quality hotels. People were also more conscious of environmental issues e.g. in May 2002; the Balearic Islands introduced a Euro per day eco-tax. There has also been an increase in eco-packages for tourists (World Tourism Association). Smaller specialist tour operators have found it difficult to compete with the bigger countries that offer cheaper prices. Long haul destinations are destinations that are more than five hours travelling time from the UK. Originally long haul holidays were considered a luxury, as it was expensive and time consuming to get to the destination and at this stage only wealthy tourists were able to experience long haul holidays. Over time, charter operators began to introduce scheduled flights on long haul routes and they used large modern aircrafts, which were capable of flying long distances without re-fuelling. With an introduction to these charter routes, they were able to offer cheaper airfares, which contributed to the growth of long haul holiday destinations. There was also a growth in self-catering resorts at the long haul holiday destinations. As tourists are prepared to sit on longer flights and in some cases transfer flights, they are reaching out to different long haul destinations. Three key long haul destination holidays are: * North America (USA and Canada) * Australasia (Australia and New Zealand) * Caribbean (Jamaica, St. Lucia and Barbados) They all have proved to be very popular with the British tourists. Kenya is another leading destination that offers safaris, beach holidays or a combination of both to tourists. Technological Innovations in the Travel and Tourism Industry: In the travel and tourism industry between the 1950s and today, there have been a number of technological developments. The two main areas involved are: transport technology and communication and information technology. Through improvements, transport technology has revolutionised passenger travel. Today a large number of passengers are transported by aircrafts, ships and trains quickly, safely and cost effectively. Technological advances and aircraft design, after World War II has seen air travel become a mass-market. The potential for air travel through the development of the jet engine meant that travel was fast, comfortable and affordable. It saw the joining of the tour operator and inclusive tour/package holiday become one e.g. Thomson Holidays Ltd offer combined transport accommodation, meals and resort services as one. The Boeing 707 jet airline service was first introduced in 1958 and has seen many improvements up to now, which has resulted in improved transport and has opened the market to foreign holidays. The foreign market was opened as these planes/aircrafts could carry more passengers quickly and cost effectively over longer distances. Other transport technology includes rail and ferries e.g. Eurostar, PO Ferries, Hover Speed and Brittany Ferries. They have all improved their services and lowered their prices. Smaller airline companies, such as; Ryan Air, Easy Jet and Go offer low price tickets in order to retain a market share. Communications and information technology has allowed major airlines to use computers as soon as soon as they became commercially available in the 1960s, to try and automate reservation operations. The British Overseas Airways Co-operation (BOAC) took the first step towards computerisation and they developed the Electronic Reservation System (ERS). IBM and Sperry Univac were working with emerging database software to try and improve on the Passenger Airline Reservation System- (PARS). Later, IBM developed the International Passenger Airlines Reservation System (IPARS) to accommodate the growth of international air travel. Computer Reservation Systems (CRS) and Global Distribution Systems (GDS) revolutionised airline tickets, package holidays, hotel accommodation and other travel and tourism products. GDS were developed from individual airline reservations, which have merged/amalgamated into four major global reservation systems; they are, Sabre, Galileo, Amadeus and World Span. This has allowed co-operations such as, Thomson Holidays Ltd to operate throughout the world and develop partnerships with agencies and tour operators. The CRS have given airlines an advantage as it allows travel agents to use reservation terminals to book seats, which means there is an increase in seat sales for the airlines and a reduction in the operating expenses. On the other hand, travel agents have a competitive advantage, as it is quicker and cheaper to make an airline reservation by a computer terminal than by telephone. The development of the Internet and interactive digital television, has allowed consumers to make their own travel purchases, because of this many airlines, tour operators and travel agents now have on-line bookings. Changes in Socio-Economic Circumstances: Since World War II there have been many factors, which have contributed to the growth of the travel and tourism industry. They are: An increase in the time available for travel activities- legislation dictates that employees are entitled to a paid holiday once a year. In 1951 sixty-six per cent of manual workers were allowed two weeks paid holiday leave, by 1970 fifty-two per cent of workers had three or more weeks paid holiday leave and by the 1990s holiday entitlement had risen to four or five weeks per year. The entitlement of paid holiday leave has helped the UK travel and tourism industry to grow, as consumers now take short holiday breaks in addition to their main holiday. In the 1950s the average working week was fifty hours but now typical hours range from thirty-seven to forty hours per week. This allows workers more flexibility in their jobs and working hours. Increase in disposable income- disposable income is the money that the average person has left over once all the bills are paid. In the UK disposable income has risen, which has led to an increase in consumer spending on holidays and in the travel and tourism industry. The state of the economy affects the amount of disposable income that consumers have, in the 1980s there was an economic boom in the UK, which led to a demand for overseas travel but the early 1990s saw a recession in the UK, which led to a decrease in demand for tourism products. The column graph below shows the increase in disposable income in the UK: Source: Social Trends 31 Improved transport systems and mobility- the UK has a wide and varied transport network, which means that most people have access to some form of transport. This transport network has made travel and tourism facilities more accessible. Car ownership is responsible for the increase in tourism as it is a means of transport for domestic holidays in the UK. The Channel Tunnel has led to an increase in car holidays abroad and the improvement in road networks has allowed access to countryside leisure activities. The column graph below shows the increase in car ownership per household in the UK: Source: Social Trends 30 Changing Needs, Expectations and Fashions: Overtime the travel and tourism industry has gone through many changes, these changes have been dictated by changing customer needs, expectations and the changing fashions. Throughout the ages there has been an improvement in technology e.g. aircrafts have become faster and quicker, this has led to customers changing their holiday destinations from local places to exotic locations. In the 1960s, UK residents tended to have short holiday breaks, mainly at the seaside and holiday centres at this stage were very popular as they catered for all tourists needs e.g. accommodation, catering and leisure activities. As aircraft technology made air travel accessible and affordable for tourists, they started taking holiday breaks abroad and for longer periods of time. Tourists started expecting affordable holidays to destinations such as, Spain and Portugal, which led to the introduction of package holidays. As tourists travelled more often to short haul destinations, they started to develop a desire to explore further a field, which has led to increased long haul holidays. Tourists expectations of air travel and their desire to travel further in the quickest time has led to the improvements in aircrafts and the introduction of planes, such as the Concorde. Once tourists have reached their chosen holiday destination, they expect all their needs to be fulfilled. Different needs by tourists has led to different holiday packages being introduced e.g. full board, half board, bed and breakfast, self-catering etc. Tourists expect the place they are staying at to provide adequate accommodation (price paid is in line with board offered), the food provided is what tourists would like to eat and the activities offered encourage leisure and recreation.